][][ Grammar 1 ][][

][][ SiCK_LOvE ][][ · 18-12-2006, 09:22 AM

The Simple Present Tense

Form
The simple present has the same form as infinitive, but add an (s) for the third person singular.
I come you come he/ she /it comes

The negative is formed with the present tense negative of the verb to do (do not, does not) + the infinitive (without to).

I don’t come. You don’t come. She/he/it doesn’t come.

The interrogative is formed with the present tense interrogative of the verb to do (do, does) + the infinitive (without to).

Do I come? Do you come? Does she/he/it come?
y
Spelling notes
Verbs ending in ( ss , sh , ch , x , o ) add (es) instead of (s) alone , to form the third person singular.

Kiss kisses box boxes rush rushes go goes
Watch watches do does

Verbs ending in (y) following a consonant change the (y) into (i) and add (es).

Carry carries hurry hurries

The simple present tense is used

Talk about habitual actions that mostly come with frequency adverbs (always, often, rarely, sometimes. generally, every day, every year, usually, occasionally, never).
We always spend our holidays away from home.
These boys often play football on Sunday afternoon.
Taha prays at a neighboring mosque every Friday.
Macro watches sports on TV every night.

Talk about ideas, opinions, and feelings.
Ali doesn’t enjoy soap opera.
His wife thinks he watches too much TV.
Macro likes TV very much.

Talk about general truth and facts.
We eat to live
The Earth is larger than the moon
Horses run faster than donkeys
The earth moves round the sun.

Talk about future events with ti****bles and calendars. When we refer to a journey, travel agent, and TV programs.

We leave London at 10.00 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13.00.
A new talk show starts next week at 9.00 p.m.
My exams finish on Friday.

The present progressive tense
Form
The present progressive tense is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb to be (am, is, are) + the present participle (infinitive + ing).
I am working. You are working. she/he/it is working.

The negative is formed by putting (not) after the auxiliary.
I’m not working. You aren’t working. It is not working.

The interrogative is formed by inverting subject and auxiliary.
Am I working? Are you working? Is he working?

Spelling notes

When a verb ends in a single (e), this (e) is dropped before (ing).
Love loving hate hating argue arguing

This doesn’t happen when a verb ends in (ee).
Agree agreeing see seeing

When a verb of one syllable has one vowel (a, e, I, o, u) and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is doubled before (ing).
Hit hitting run running stop stopping

Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable.
Begin beginning prefer preferring admit admitting
Enter entering (stress is on the first syllable)

(ing) can be added to a verb ending in (y) without affecting the spelling of the verb.
Carry carrying hurry hurrying enjoy enjoying

The present progressive tense is used

1-Talk about an action happening now.
We are studying the present progressive tense.
It is raining now.
What is the baby doing?
Why are you sitting at my desk?

2-Talk about an action happening about this time but not necessarily at the moment of speaking.
I am reading a play by Show.
He is teaching English and learning French.

3-Talk about planned actions in the future. (Time of the action must be always mentioned)
I’m meeting Peter tonight.
Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon?
They are working on the farm next week.
Ameen is writing a letter to his uncle tomorrow.

Stative verbs

They are verbs that do not fall under our control (know, forget), that means we can’t start them nor finish them. For example, you cant (know) someone and don’t (know) someone whenever you want, or (forget) and do not (forget) someone whenever you want. These verbs are not added (ing). To express a continuing action with stative verbs we use the present simple. They are

Verbs that describe mental activity. (agree, appreciate, believe, realize, know, perceive, recall, think, understand, remember, trust)
John knows your brother.
Henry understands French.
I believe you are telling the truth.

Verbs that describe feelings (adore, desire, hate, like, love, prefer, need, want, wish, value, loathe, fear, detest, feel)
Betty loves swimming, but hates diving.
I like to drink grapefruit juice.
Jenan loves to see her children happy

Verbs that describe appearance (be, seem, look like, appear, consist of, depend, deserve, equal, matter)

Verbs that show possession (belong, owe, own, posses, have).

Verbs of senses (feel, hear, see, smell, observe)

Some of these verbs, however, may be used in the continuous tense form, when they have special meanings.

I am seeing (meeting, visiting) Margaret tomorrow.
I am not hearing as well as I used to. 9my sense of hearing is not so good as it is used to be).

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